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| United States |
This is the United States Congress Hall. Behind the podium is the American flag. Inside the red frame on the left and right of the flag are two golden fascists. Above the flag is the American motto "In god we trust."
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| This is the badge of the U.S. Senate, and in the red circle below are two crossed fascists. |
In fact, the accurate translation of the Senate should not be the Senate, it should be the Senate, the Senate is Senate, Senatus, the roots are exactly the same, and the fascist thing, originally meant to be a bunch of sticks around the axe, it is The instruments of torture carried by the law enforcement officers of the ancient Roman Senate, and the hand-raising ceremony also originated from the military salute in ancient Rome.
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| The Horace Brothers Are Taking Oath |
This is the famous French painting "The Horace Brothers Are Taking Oath." The three ancient Romans in it are raising their hands and swearing to Rome and the sword.
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| Credit: istock |
This is an American elementary school student raising their hands to the national flag.
Fascism is actually an ideology that lacks a clear definition. Due to the failure of the Axis Group in World War II and the extremely serious crimes against humanity, fascism has a derogatory meaning. Subsequently, fascism is usually used as a label in general political practice. It is used to attack people who are opposed to their own ideology or political opinions.
Therefore, the definition of fascism has actually been generalized in this process. Many polities defined as fascism do not actually consider themselves to be Fascists, such as the Salazar regime in Portugal.
In addition, unlike stereotypes, fascism and Nazis are actually very different. Generally speaking, Nazis are regarded as a branch of fascism and a deformed version of fascism after it was introduced into Germany.
If we look at the narrowly defined fascism in the mainstream political context, and explore the internal elements that make up it, we will find a characteristic that the elements that make up it are all neutral. For example, collectivism and fascism are also neutral. It also emphasizes collectivism. Collectivism is not the patent of communism.
For example, corporatism is common in trade associations, industrial alliances, and large trusts in many developed capitalist countries. The Japanese Agricultural Association, which is highly respected by many, is essentially corporatism. For example, centralized power. In fact, most of the countries where local officials are directly appointed by the central government belong to centralized power, such as nationalism.
Nationalism prevails in most major political practices in the world, both based on ethnic hostility and some Based on the coexistence of the nation, there is also the unity based on the nation, or the improvisation based on the nation, such as mobilization. Except for Anachiren, almost all ideologies and political philosophies highly respect mobilization. Even many religions promote mobilization, even In essence, neoliberalism also emphasizes self-organization based on capital to achieve maximum social mobilization (in the words of neoliberal believers, it is called the optimal allocation of social resources, which is still a kind of mobilization in essence).
So why can fascism be so anti-human while being composed of a lot of neutral things?
Because it extremes all this.
A common phenomenon of the fascist regime is that general political practice has been stuck in the military context for a long time, and the organization and macro posture of the entire society are highly militarized.
When most societies face conflicts and wars, they will achieve a militarized change in their macro social posture. This is normal. After the conflict or crisis is over, they will return to normal and buy food and cook for a living. The fascist regime is different. It normalizes and maintains the militarization of the macro social posture regardless of whether it encounters conflicts or wars, and even in order to maintain this militarization itself, to forcibly find and even invent enemies, militarization becomes a goal rather than a goal. means.
It is different from the general political practice of contemporary East Asian society in the economic context for a long time, leading us to keen to vulgarize complex political issues into economic problems. It is also different from the general political practice of Indian society in the religious context for a long time. Keen to vulgarize complex political issues into religious issues (except for the Indian Party of course). The characteristic of fascist society is to actively retain general political practice in the military context, and is extremely keen to vulgarize all complex political issues into one-sidedness.
For military issues, we must fight if we have the conditions, and we must fight if we don’t have the conditions. The entire society is a super-large Waaaaaaaaagh!
In other words, any society more or less has certain military attributes, and fascism is essentially an abnormal enlargement of the military attributes of human society.
This leads to a problem, which is the extremeization of the elements that make up the ideology, because the military posture itself is a limit state of human society. For an organic whole, to maintain the limit state for a long time must mean that the various subsystems Overloaded operation has led to the inevitable extremeization of the elements that make up fascism.
Anything that becomes extreme is a disaster, and everything must have a degree, without exception.
Even eating can kill people, let alone social practice?
Back to the United States, the question asks why the United States has a trend of fascism? This question is actually inaccurate, because the United States has been a fascist country from the beginning. After the Cold War, it turned into a universal empire, which turned out to be the opposite. The degree of fascism in the United States has actually been reduced compared to the early years.
The U.S.'s intensive application of its own history and founding of the country has caused serious deviations in the general public’s perception of the United States, and often makes us overlook that the United States is a country based on force, and its foreign military operations run through the entire United States.
The history of the family, and the militia tradition of American society has led to this continuous foreign military action with a universal character. This has led to the fact that American society is essentially a society with a high degree of militarization in a macro-social posture. What's more, this This kind of militarization is not top-down, but bottom-up. It is formed spontaneously by the people and has a broad and solid foundation of public opinion. In addition, this militarization posture is rigidly linked to the establishment and development of the United States.
This militarization has unquestionable political legitimacy, and the legal and political structure of the United States provides institutional guarantees for this military posture. Politicians use the public opinion foundation that caters to this military posture to obtain political capital. Over time, this military posture It has been fixed in the entire American society and has become an inseparable part of American society and culture.
In other words, American society is a highly militarized society from civil to high-level, from social foundation to political framework, from material composition to ideology, and is deeply fascist because of this militarization. Fascism is a natural part of American society. True colors.
Then why do we have the illusion that the United States has only exposed its fascist nature in recent years?
Because I can't cover it anymore.
After more than two hundred years of evolution, the bottom-up natural fascist nature of American society has formed a logically self-consistent and internally circular economic model. Its specific manifestation is the military-industrial complex-media industry cluster-financial machine. These three are closely integrated, division of labor, cooperation, and mutual interdependence.
Through close cooperation with each other, it is possible to maintain a militarized social posture to attack the outside world. After the attack is won, the victory is deeply captured, the victory is financialized to make profits, and the profits are invested. To militarized reproduction, thus realizing the positive cycle of fighting to support war.
The military-industrial complex provides violent endorsements, the media industry cluster provides legality defense, and the financial machine provides maximum victory over dividends.
Every time they win, the three parties benefit together. After the media industry cluster has made a profit, it needs to provide a legal defense of the fascist nature of the entire society. The resources required for this defense come from the victory dividend. When the victory of the previous victory is close to eating After that, when the next victory is indefinitely distant, the resources available for the defense of legality will be reduced, and the coverage rate will decrease when the resources are reduced.
As the fascist nature of American society gradually evolves, it will cover what it needs. Resources are increasing day by day, and when one increases and one decreases, if one cannot make ends meet, it will naturally be revealed.
This is why we feel that the United States has recently become fascist, because we, as its main opponent, are smelly and hard.
In fact, Ken used a part of the victory bonus to cover up his own fascist nature. This is already a major advancement in American society. In the early years, when the United States was not a universal empire, it was simply too lazy to cover up. At that time, the United States was a picture. I’m going to exterminate the Indians, what?" "All America is me, my mother, mother". Later, after becoming a universal empire, in order to solve the problem that it could only immediately conquer the world and not immediately rule the world, it had to pretend that it did not immediately rule the world while actually ruling the world immediately, so it reluctantly won Part of the bonus is used to cover up. Of course, this cover has evolved and gradually became the nature of fake dramas, but this is another topic.
Compared with this kind of deep division of labor, precise coordination, and bottom-up fascist form, Mussolini and Moustache's small fights are really in the middle, and will be in the primary stage of fascism for a long time. The infinite admiration of the United States in his writings can be seen.
This is the envy of advanced fascism in the initial stage of fascism.
Fascism is rooted in the Roman descent of Western civilization, because Roman society itself is a society governed by warlords, and its militarization posture is extremely clear. This militarization posture has been passed down through years of evolution and changes in form, which is why The fascist countries from the United States to Italy are keen to call themselves Rome, and use a large number of Roman cultural symbols, from raising hands to beaming sticks and axes to the Senate.
In fact, during the Qin and Han dynasties, China was also a civilization with a very obvious militarization. However, due to their long history and the most complicated social evolution process in the history of human civilization, they eventually became a very bucket-developed society. They know everything. Nothing is partial, there are no obvious shortcomings, and no strong characteristics.
The biggest characteristic is that there are no characteristics, and even the formation of an inherent spontaneous correction mechanism for extremes, which is the so-called "moderate", which leads to our natural failure. The extremes in the true sense of the law, even if they are extreme, are often selective extremes, and selective extremes, can they still be regarded as extreme extremes in the true sense? Those who say that China will become fascist and label others as fascism are either ignorant of what fascism is, or they have ulterior motives to wipe out the military nature of Chinese society.
Any society has military attributes, either with military attributes or fascism. Military attributes are a functional structure in which a society uses violent means to protect itself and make profits. Fascist society only magnifies this part of the structure abnormally. Hitler's vegetarian diet does not mean that all the bald heads in the temple are Hitler. Hitler killed his life, and it does not mean that the workers in the meat joint factory are Hitler.
One of the more dangerous aspects of Chinese society at the moment is that economic attributes are showing a tendency to be deformed and magnified in the whole society. This point needs to arouse their attention. Anything extreme is harmful.
Speaking of Hitler, by the way, Nazis are usually considered to be a branch of fascism, but in fact Nazis are very special. It is very different from fascism in the general sense. The full name of the Nazi Party is "National Socialist Workers Party". "Or "National Socialist Workers' Party."
However, in practice, the Nazis were neither a country, nor a nation, nor socialism, nor were they a workers’ party. It implemented a caste system, monopolistic capitalist, and militarized social policy.
At the national level, there were many non-German nationals in German society at the time, such as Jews. German Jews generally had a very strong national identity with Germany at that time. During the First World War, German Jews enlisted in large numbers and fought. They were extremely brave. They tried their best to prove that the Germans were their first attribute, and the Jews were only the second attribute.
During the Second Empire, Jewish capitalists were extremely enthusiastic about the Kaiser’s policy of building the High Seas Fleet. They tried their best in all German naval laws. Zan expanded the fleet, and opposed the investment of resources into the navy. It was the Germanic Junkers and the officer regiment. As we all know, the Second Empire was a federation under the name of the empire. It did not have an imperial army, only the kingdoms and states.
The army was under the unified command of the General Staff only during the war. Moustache joined the army of the Kingdom of Bavaria, and the High Seas Fleet was shared by the whole country. In other words, the High Seas Fleet was Germany’s first national army in the true sense. They are short-sighted, stubborn, and resisting the establishment of the national army in every way. In order to deal with these old stubborn ones, Tirpitz, the Secretary of State for the Imperial Navy, spends a lot of time arguing with them in Congress every year, and the Jewish capitalists He was one of his allies during the debate.
That is to say, compared with the distracted German princes, the short-sighted Junkers landlords, and especially the bad-fed Wittelsbach family (Bavarian royal family), they strongly agree with the empire rather than the kingdom/state/duchy The Jews are really model obedient people.
The emperor naturally retaliated. Whenever the new battleship of the High Seas Fleet was launched into service with cheers, he would instruct Tirpitz to invite members of Congress to bring their families on board the battleship, ride the wind and waves in the ocean, and let them share the empire’s Glory, among them there is no shortage of Jews.
Then in Hitler's hands, these Jews who were extremely identifiable with the country became the targets of the operation. It was a bewildering act... In fact, the reason why many Jews in Nazi Germany waited to death is that they generally did not think that Germany would really do it. Do it yourself, especially those veterans who have served in World War I.
This is from a national level.
From a national perspective, it’s even more outrageous. Mustache did not know where he invented the concept of an Aryan, and then the Aryan is a box, and everything is installed inside, even some ethnic groups that have never seen each other in history with Germany Stuffed into the concept of Aryans.
For example, Danes, Danes are treated as Aryans by moustaches, but among the three dynasty wars of Prussia to unify Germany, one was the Pudan War. In this war, Prussia occupied Schleswig- Holstein, and the process of the Prussian unification of Germany, is usually regarded as the process of the unification of the German nation, with national attributes, that is to say, from the national level, Dedan should be an enemy, not an ally.
But Moustache still stuffed the Danish into the concept of Aryans he invented, and then treated them fancy.
And the British, the Angsales were counted among the Aryans by the mustache...
The most irritating thing is that the Slavs who really have Aryan descent in history are counted as inferior people by the mustache...
So the weird, self-invented racism of Mustache is far from nationalism.
From the perspective of socialism and the Workers’ Party, there is no half a dime relationship. Socialism emphasizes class attributes and emphasizes fairness at the macro level of society.
Moustache clearly divides people into different categories and firmly opposes them. In all forms of class narrative, his one-sided denial of class narrative is the same as the one-sided denial of nationalism by some people now. It is almost a kind of pathological fanaticism, and the Workers’ Party is even farther apart. Before the Night of the Knife, if the Nazi Party had more or less such a worker attribute, then after the Night of the Long Knife, the main objects of the Nazi Party’s dealings became monopoly capital, military officers, international bankers, and no more worker attributes. Up.
Therefore, the Nazis are actually a caste-based racist party. Its specific practice is neither a country nor a nation, nor is it socialist nor a Workers’ Party.
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